• Sickle Cell Trait and Malaria
• Cystic Fibrosis and Cholera
• Tay-Sachs Disease and Tuberculosis

Why some genetic disease are more popular in some population？

• Human genetics that relates to disease
• Study of diseases with genetic origin
• Application of genetics to medical practice
• Service provided for those related to genetics (e.g. Counseling)

• Mendelism : 1865 & 1990
• Cytogenetics: XXY Klinefelter syndrome & XO Turner syndrome
• Biochemical Genetics : Alkaptonuria
• Immunogenetics : ABO blood types
• Statistical, Formal, and Population Genetics
• Chromosomology : Banding → Molecular Cytogenetics
• Somatic Cell Genetics : HeLa Cell
• Molecular Genetics : DNA
• Chromosome Mapping
• The Human Genome Project and Genomics

By pedigree studies, Pierre de Maupertuis found polydactyly (extra digits) and albi­nism (lack of pigmentation) were inherited in different ways.

• Law of segregation
• Law of independent assortment
• Law of dominance

A type of inheritance that follows these laws is termed Mendelian inheritance.

The basic unit of heredity was latter termed as gene by Johannsen.

• Disease inheritable
• Disease caused, totally or partially by genetic abnormalities （Classical）
• Disease with Genetic relevance
• Precision Medicine: consider genetic factors in all medical practice

• Specific Quantitative distribution pattern
• Different in inheritance patterns

• Congenital, but Not Genetic: Birth defects caused by environmental factors
• Huntington’s Disease

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